Windmill



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atented Jan. 7, 18.90.

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` F. T. ZIMMERMAN.

WINDMILL.

No. 418.859. PatentedJan. 7,1890.

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WINDMILL. No. 418,859. Patented Jan.7,1890.

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FRANK T. ZIMMERMAN, oF AUBURN, INDIANA.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 418,859, datedrJanuary 7, 1890.

Aoplication filed October 1, 1888.' Serial No. 286,907. v(No model.)

do hereby declare the following to be a full,

clear,and exact description of the invention,

such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the sanne, reference being had to the `accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference v marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

The improvement which I describe herein relates to the general construction of windmills. r

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a vertical section of the parts supporting the Wheel. Fig. 2 is a section inw of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective of the turn-table. Fig. 4 is a detail of the standard for supporting the Weighted 'governing-arm. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section through the turn-table. Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9 are details of the joint in the pump-rod. Fig. 10 is an elevation of the' mill. Figs. 1l and l2 are plans of the mechanism located above and around the turn-table.

Referring to Figs. l and l0, A A are the uprights of the tower of the mill.

A is a metallic cap seated over the upper ends of th'e uprights A and having through itsA center a hole A2 offsutticient size to receive the tube B of the turn-table B. Upon the upper end of said tube B there is formed an annular shoulder B2, made so large that it cannot pass through but must rest upon said cap A. In this manner said turn-table is supported upon said cap and the tower. Near its lower end said tube is surrounded by a closely-fitting ring O, from which adj usting-bolts C extend outwardly through the blocks C2 on the tower. By means of said bolts and ring the lower end of said tube may be drawn laterally to set it in a vertical posi-` tion.

The parts thus far specified 'have been previously used, and-are sowellknowu to those familiar to this art that I deem it unnecessary to describe them in detail.

B2 designates a horizontal extension of the turn-table, to which is bolted the inner end of the mid-rib B4 of the tail-vane B5. At right angles to the extension B2 is another extension B6, standing in a vertical plane and havinga vertical face in a plane at. right angles to the extension B3, to which face the standard I2 is secured.` y E is the wheel-tube. This is of proper diameter to it loosely into the turn-table B, and is of such length as to extend almost to the lower end of the latter, while above it 'has the head E and the spindle E2, said head being so large as to restunon and not pass through the turntable, and said spindle being at one side of the vertical axis of said tube E. Y

A tubular plug F is fitted into the lower end of the wheel-tube E, and secured in such position by a -countersunk screw or rivet F. Said plug is extended below the wheel-tube and expanded to form an annular hip F2. A ring F3 is itted around the tube B against the ring C. Azscrew-bolt F4 extends through the ring FBand tube B' into the annular space between the hip F2 and the lower end of the wheel-tube E, by which means the ring F2 is secured to the tube B', so that said tube cannot rise through the ring C, and the inner end of the bolt F4impinges against the hip F2 and prevents the wheel-tube E and head E from rising. Thus both tubes are held against forced vertical movement in response to the strains of irregular blasts of air during storms. The bore F5 of said plugF is preferably rectangular in cross-section, with an extension F6 at one side, the rectangular portion being of proper size to admit the pump-rod G and the extension being of proper .size to admit the governing cord or wire G. The spindle .E2 is hollow and of proper external diameter to receive the hub H of the wheel H. H2 is the wheel-shaft, extending through said hub and spindle and having -upon its inner end the 'crank-wheel H2. The bore of the outer end of the hub II is contracted so as to t upon said wheel-shaft, and is secured thereto by means of a set-bolt h or otherwise. A

From the head E rises a standard E3, the upper end of which is bent so as to stand over the vertical axis of the tube E, and sup- IOO axis.- The pump-rod G extends upwardly through said guideway, and a pitman-rod G2 is connected by its upper end to the upper end of said pump-rod and by its lower end to said crank-wheel H3, so that when said crankwheel is rotated said pump-rod w'ill be reciproca-ted.

The wheel II is set out ofthe wind by turning it laterally until it stands parallel to the tail-vane. Since the spindle E2 is set at one side of the vertical axis of the tube E, the pressure of the wind upon the wind-wheel tends to turn the latter toward the tail-vane. It is therefore necessary to adopt means for automatically resisting this tendency. This is accomplished by means of a weighted governing-arm of the kind familial' to the art. Only the details of said governingarm as hereinafter claimed are my invention. I is such arm, located opposite the spindle E2, and I is aweight located upon the outer portion of said arm. Said arm is pivoted near its inner end upon the upper end of a standard I2, supported from the turn-table so as to oscillate in a vertical plane. The tendency ofthe arm is to fall into a vertical position.

E5 is a bracket projectingtoward the wheel H from the standard E3 or the head E.

I3 is a short arm rising from the arm I near its pivot upon the standard I2. A link I4 is jointed by one end to the upper end of the arm I3 and by the other end to the bracket E5, the length of this link being sufficient to allow the arm I to hangin a vertical or nearly vertical position, while the wheel H is at right angles to the tail-vane. Then said wheel and the spindle E2, head E', and tube E cannot turn with reference to the tail-vane without drawing the arm Itoward or into the horizontal position, whereby, of course, the resistance of said weighted arm is augmented. The upper end of said leverI extends beyond its pivot sufficiently to reach to or nearly to the opening of the upper end of the tube E, when said arm is drawn into Athe horizontal position. The wire or cord G is secured to said upper end of the arm I and extends down through the tube E to the ground. Drawing said cord from below draws the arm I into the horizontal position and throws the short arm I3 forward, thereby causing the latter to push the link I4 and wheel II around toward the tail-vane and out of the wind. Thereafter releasing said cord leaves the arm I free to draw the wheel back into the wind if the latter is not so strong as to hold the wheel out.

l The standard I2 is secured to the turn-table in a novel manner.- Heretof'ore the turntable has had castupon it a lateral extension having a vertical socket to receive the lower end of said standard. Said socket had to be formed by casting. This was necessary for economy and because the shape of the turntable made it difficult to drill such socket. In casting, a core was used for forming the socket, and in pouring said core would always be displaced more or less, so that the socket would not stand in its correct position. If

vthe two would encircle the neck.

one end of the core was moved a little., the upper end of the standard was thrown considerably out of line, so that the proper relation of the weighted arm to the other parts of the mill was destroyed and the mill rendered defective. rlo cause all the mills to work satisfactorily, it is necessary that all the parts be spaced correctlyand uniformly. By my mode of securing said standard it must always stand in the same position in duplicates of the mill; hence no attention need be given to the adjustment of parts after the proper proportions for one mill have been worked out. B is the extension to which saidstandard is secured. Said extension is preferably fiat and is in a vertical plane, and the lower end of the standard I2 is also preferably fiattened, and is provided with a suitable lateral recess t', so that it will lie against the side1 and the fiangc i2, bordering the depression I, fitting over the edges of the extension B. Thus the metal of the standard will engage each edge of the extension B and be held thereby from moving downwardly in a vertical line or turning outwardly at its upper end. A bolt b, extending transversely through the extension B and the lower end of the standard I2, binds said parts together; but said bolt supports little or none of' the weight of the standard I2, and is subjected to little or no shearing strain. So long as said parts are properly held together by the bolt the strain resulting from the weight above is exerted upon said parts. The longitudinal strain upon said bolt may also be largely removed by forming a channel b in the turn-table along the inner edge of the extension B6 at the side to which the standard I2 is applied and of proper width to allow the edge of the standard to fit into the same snugly. The metal at the sides of said channel then holds the inner edge of said standard from turning laterally, thus making it easy for the bolt b to hold the entire standard from twisting or turning laterally. extension B may be channeled to receive the fiattened lower end of the standard I2, the result being the same. In casting said turntable and said standard no cores need be used, and no special care need be exercised, and all the castings turned out are uniformly according to the patterns.

Another feature of my improvement relates to the pump-rod G; This is jointed in order that the upperend of the said rod may turn with the wind-wheel, while the lower end is held from turning. Heretofore a tubular casting having a neck at one end has been fitted over one section of the pump-rod, the neck being directed toward the other section of the pump-rod, and another vcasting having `at its end toward the first casting one-half of a collar to fit said neck was fitted to the other section of the pump-rod. Another half of a collar was then so bolted upon the first that In practice this construction has always proven more or less defective, the parts becoming loosened IOO IIO

`casting. of the joint.

, round neck GG.

which the cord G extends. is secured by set-bolt or otherwise.

under the long-continued alternating strain to which they are subjected.

In the drawings, G'vdesignates the upper This has a longitudinal rectangular socket G4 for receiving the upper section of the pump-rod, and at the side of said socket G4 a longitudinal bore G5, through Said pump-rod At the lower end of said cast-ing there is formed a G7 is the lower casting ot the joint. This is suitably securedto the upper end of the lower section of the pump-rod, and has at its upper end the transverse collar. G8, surrounding the neck GG. Said part G7 and the collar G8 are a single casting. VIn part the casting G3 is cast separately. This is then laid into the mold in which the part Glis to be formed in such manner as to make the surface of the neck G6 a part of the interiorwalls of the mold. The mold is then. filled with metal'. This results in casting the part G7 upon the part G3, the solid collar tting closely upon the neck GG; and the meeting surfaces being hardened during the process of casting. As said collar and part G7 are a single piece, they will remain "firm with reference to each other unless they break, and since said collar fits so closely upon said neck and their meeting surfaces are hardened they remain firm for an indefinite period of time. The part G7 may also be cast irst and then put into the mold for casting the part G3..

I claim as my invention- 1,

l. In a windmill, the c0inbination,.with the tower, the turn-table, the tail-vane, and `theV formed in the turu-tablealong the border of saidface of the extensionl B6, a standard I2, applied to said vertical face of the extension described.

B6, and a weighted lever I, pivoted to the upper end ot' said standard and suitably joined to said wheel-head or some part supported thereby, said extension B6 and the lower end -ot said standard I2 being fitted into each other 2. In a windmill, the combination of the tower, the cap at the top of said` tower, the turn-table having a tube extending downward through said cap and into said tower, a ring surrounding said tube near its lower end and supported by the tower, a wheel-tube resting within the tube ot' the turn-table and extending nearly to the lower end of the latter, a tubular plug itted into the lower end of said wheel-tube and secured thereto by a screw and having at a short distance below said tube an annular hip, a ring .surrounding the lower rend'of the turn-table and rest-ing against the ring supported by the tower, and a bolt 'extendin g through one side of said lower ring, oneside of the turn-table tube, and into the space above the annular hip and the lower end of said plug, substantially as shown andv described. Y

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signatureln presence ot' two witnesses.

FRANK T. ZIMMERMAN. 

